本帖最后由 刘国重 于 2017-2-1 18:06 编辑
金庸访谈录
(这条文章已经被阅读了次) 时间:2002年07月22日 13:05 来源:何明军 转载
金庸访谈录(一)
STEVEN Hello Mr. King, welcome to the Proglish New World.
金先生您好,欢迎来商业英语新天地做客。
JINYONG
Hello Steven, but I'm not a king. 您好,Steven,不过我可不是什么国王。
STEVEN But you're a king, as an author of wuxia novels. It’s said, “Where the Chinese go, there your novels go."
作为武侠小说的作者,您是当之无愧的国王。不是说“有华人的地方,就会有您的武侠小说”吗?
JINYONG
Thank you, Steven. I'm flattered. 过奖,过奖。
STEVEN Well, we often read the heroes and heroines from your novels who can leap great heights or destroy an enemy with only a piercing gaze or things like that. Why are you so interested in writing Kung Fu?
常看到您小说中男女主角能一飞冲天,或是盯人一眼即夺人性命等情形。为何您对功夫的描写特别感兴趣?
JINYONG Because Kung Fu is one of the most precious parts of Chinese culture. Anyway, I write wuxia novels not only to make a living, but also to promote Chinese culture.
因为功夫是中国文化最宝贵的一部分。我写武侠小说并不仅仅是为了赚钱,而是想弘扬中国文化。
STEVEN I see, but don't you think Kung Fu is merely brutal violence?
我明白,不过您不觉得功夫过于暴力了吗?
JINYONG No, I don't think so. Kung Fu is more than that. The movie, Crouching Tige Hidden Dragon, is a good example. You know, it's been sweeping the continent of North America and shocked the western people. Though it's a swordsman movie, you can hardly see thrilling violence or brutal murder. On the contrary, the motion has its own poetry, it presents something beautiful in visual figure. I think that's one of the reasons for its success.
我不这样认为。功夫并不仅仅意味暴力。横扫北美大陆,震惊西方观众的电影《藏龙卧虎》就是个很好的例子。虽然是部武侠片,但是你很少看到令人毛骨悚然的暴力或是残忍的杀戮。相反,打斗场面充满诗情画意,在视觉形象上给观众提供了美的享受。我认为这是这部影片大获成功的一个原因。
STEVEN
You can say that again. Could you explain what Kung Fu is all about, then?
您说得很对。那麽您能不能说说功夫到底是怎麽回事?
JINYONG
"Kung Fu" is a popular term for a Chinese martial art that originated more than 2000 years ago. At that time, warlords allowed only their private armies to use weapons. The people had to develop other methods for personal defense, using their fists, feet, and sticks. Gradually, it inspired invention of many weapons. These weapons in general were called the Eighteen Weapons. And the martial arts studying to use these weapons was called the Eighteen Martial Arts.
功夫是对起源于2000多年前的中国武术的一种通俗说法。那时候,军事首领只允许自己私人部队拥有武器,所以人们为了自卫防身,不得不琢磨其它的办法,比如说使用拳、脚或棍棒。慢慢就发展出所谓的“十八般兵器”,其相应的使用技术就是我们所说的“十八般武艺”。
STEVEN
It’s said that Kong Fu is roughly divided into Waijia and Neijia, right?
据说功夫有外家和内家之分?
JINYONG
Yes. The waijia martial arts pay attention to attacking. All the forms of waijia, including barehanded fighting and weapon use, focus on efficient attacks, such as the Shaolin Chang Quan boxing. Opposite to waijia, the neijia sect of martial arts focuses on defense. When the opponent starts the attack the neijia knows how to strike back, even if the opponent is very aggressive. Taiji represents neijia. Which do you prefer, Steven, Waijia or Nejia?
“外家”侧重攻击,讲究利用各种拳术、器械,对敌人施以猛烈有效的打击,“少林长拳”就是其中之一。“内家”,则偏重防御,讲究如何在敌人猛攻之下,以巧妙的手法加以反制,“太极拳”就是代表。Steven, 你更喜欢哪种功夫,外家还是内家?
STEVEN
Well, it’s hard to say. Apart from the different attitude toward fighting are there any differences between them?
很难说。除了对打斗的观点不一外,二者还有什么不同的地方?
JINYONG
Neijia particularly practices internal strength. Furthermore it combines Taoist principles especially yangsheng, the way of keeping good health, and develops qigong also called neigong.
“内家”除了讲巧劲外,还融合了道家的养生调气理论,称为“内功”或“气功”。
STEVEN
Boy, it’s marvelous. I prefer Neijia to Waijia. Well, who’s the forefather of Neijia then?
哇,内家功夫真是神了,我喜欢。谁是它的开山鼻祖?
JINYONG
The Taoist priest Zhang shanfeng from the Wudang Mountain is believed to be the forefather of neijia. However his story is still unclear. The School of Wudang did not become famous until the mid-Ming. Zhang Songsi, of course, it’s not the same person mentioned in my novel Yitian Tulong Ji, was martial arts master from Wudang. He had defeated Shaolin monk troops by using the wushu similar to Taiji.
“内家”的始祖据说为武当山道教的张三丰,关于他的来历,一直众说纷纭。大约在明代中叶,武当派的张松溪颇曾用类似“太极拳”的巧劲击败过少林僧兵,从此武当派开始广受注意。当然,这个张松溪和我小说《倚天屠龙记》中的张松溪不是同一个人啦。
STEVEN
Kong Fu is very popular now in the Mainland. You know, in some places, say, Changzhou, even some small children learn some form of Kung Fu. Well, could you please say something about Kung Fu classes in HongKong?
如今功夫在大陆很流行。很多地方,比如说沧州,甚至连几岁的小孩也会个一招半式。您能不能谈谈香港的一些情况?
JINYONG
Kung Fu became popular in Hong Kong when the movies of Bruce Lee in Hong Kong and the television series of David Carradine in the US became popular all over the world. In kung Fu classes in HongKong, the emphasis is on developing strength and agility. The students' ll wear white loose-fitting jackets and trousers and are bare foot. The novices wear white belts, after they pass a certain level, they take a test and are awarded a belt if they pass. There's several levels which they must complete before they're awarded the black belt, signifying the highest level.
当香港李小龙的电影、美国David Carradine的电视连续剧在风靡全球的时候,功夫在香港就流行开来。在香港的武馆,强调的是力与巧。学员常常穿着白色的宽松而合体的衣裤,赤着双脚。新手一般系白腰带,通过某个层次的训练,如果考试过关就可以获得腰带。要获得象征最高水平的黑带,他们必须通过好几个层次的训练。
STEVEN
It sounds like Judo, Karate or TKD.
听起来和柔道、空手道,跆拳道(taekwondo)差不多。
JINYONG
In fact, all of them originate from Chinese Kung Fu. Besides, it's the best way to help people develop themselves both physically and mentally.
实际上它们都来源于中国功夫。而且中国功夫还是帮人身心发展的最好的方法。
STEVEN
There are readers imagining that wugong in novels are real martial arts. And the reports about the believers of wugong entering mountainous areas to visit wugong masters, spread in Chinese society every now and then. As a result, the Wuxia novel genre is accused of misguiding readers. What do you think of it?
很多武侠小说的读者常质疑武功是不是真的?甚至有过份入迷者曾经为追求武功而“入山求道”,造成社会舆论对武侠小说无情的批评。您是怎么看的呢?
JINYONG
Well, It has to be clarified that wugong in wuxia novles is from the imagination like every other made-up novel; it is only apart of the literary world and is not the real world. So we should not complain about the wuxia novelists. If wugong were real, trained Chinese athletics would not be beaten in any sport, which tests the physical abilities.
武侠小说中的“武功”既属想象,当然就是虚构的,文学世界毕竟与现实世界有很大的差异,不能混为一谈。所以抱怨作者是没用的。假如书中武功是真的,那么在世界各种展现体力、技巧的体育竞赛中,中国人早就扬眉吐气多时了。
STEVEN
Anyway, it's impressive to see a kung Fu master break a brick or board with one blow of the side of his hand. So it's best not to make an enemy of a Kung Fu master — otherwise he may remember it started as a form of self-defense! No matter if he's interested in it as a form of exercise, body-building, or relaxation.
不管怎麽说,功夫大师们掌碎砖头或木板的情形使人印象深刻。所以最好不要与他们为敌。否则的话,不管他们是抱着锻炼、健身还是娱乐等目的而练功,他们都会想起功夫原本是作为自卫防身的一种形式而发展起来的,
JINYONG
You have a sense of humor, Steven. 你还真幽默。
STEVEN
OK, let's call it a day. Hope to have a chance talking about other things mentioned in your novels, such as Qigong, Acupuncture, Buddhism, etc. Thank you for a most interesting and informative talk on Kung Fu.
今天就到这里吧,希望下次能有机会谈谈您小说中提及的其它方面,比如气功、针灸、佛教等等。谢谢您就中国功夫的这番有趣而又有助益的谈话。
JINYONG
Thank you. My pleasure.
金庸访谈录(二)
STEVEN Mr. King, welcome to the Proglish New World again.
欢迎再次做客商业英语新天地。
JINYONG
I’d like to say how grateful I am, Steven, to you for inviting me back on your website, which I’m sure has a very rapt Internet buddies.
非常感谢你又邀请我来你的网站,我相信你的网站很受网友们的欢迎。
STEVEN
Thank you. Well, since a long time ago, Chinese Wuxia legends with chivalrous heroes and understanding heroines have deeply impressed readers, accompanied them to pass time, to grow, to laugh and smile. When one episode following the other is presented to the readers, their emotions soar. As one of the readers, you can share the feelings with one who also reads the same story, without limitations of social status, time or space. So this time, would you please say something about Wuxia novels?
谢谢。自古以来,武侠传奇中的那种英雄豪气、侠女柔情,一直紧扣读者的心弦。读者可以说是浸于斯、润于斯、笑于斯、乐于斯;心随卷帙飞越,人因情节激昂,古今一概,雅俗共赏。所以,这次想请您谈谈武侠小说。
JINYONG
Well, I think the world of Wuxia is more than a utopia. It is a cultural harbor where one can anchor. And the Chinese Wuxia novel is one of the most renowned novel genres in Chinese popular literature. There are scholars who recommend it by saying, "Chinese Wuxia fiction could be read as a Chinese cultural textbook,” Wu and sia are two Chinese characters. By studying them we enter the amazing Chinese martial arts world.
“武侠”,不只是想象的世界,更是文化心灵的寄托。而武侠小说是极富中国传统气息的小说类型之一。所以有些学者认为,武侠小说究竟有怎样的魅力,我们可以从它的名字──「武侠」两字说起。
STEVEN
All ears
洗耳恭听
JINYONG
There are four Chinese words based on wu including wushi, wuqi, wuyi, and weiwu. Wushi literally means the soldier or warrior, wuci is the weapon which wushih holds, wuyi indicates the fighting skill which the wushih practices, and weiwu can be interpreted as "an awe-inspiring display of military force." These four words wushih, wuci, wuyi, and weiwu all have close links with the spirit of the wusia fiction genre. In other words they all have meanings close to the word wusia, which can be translated as "knight-errant". If we scrutinize the word wu, an associative compound of two pictographs one of which is a weapon, it is closer to wuci and wuyi.
“武”在传统中文里,有四种不同的涵义:“武士”—持武器作战的军人,“武器”—军人所拿的各种兵器,“武艺”—军人所具备的作战技术,“威武”—军人所散发的刚强、勇健等气质。这四种涵义,都与武侠小说有非常密切的关系,事实上概括了“武侠”两个字;不过,若单从“武”字上说,则主要是指“武器”和“武艺”。
STEVEN
I see. Last time, we’ve talked about “Eighteen Weapons” and “Eighteen Martial Arts”
对,上次我们谈到过“十八般兵器”和“十八般武艺”。
JINYONG
Although there are various weapons used in the wusia novels, they are all based on the Eighteen Weapons. "Sanda" deserves to be highlighted among the Weapons, because it refers to the barehanded fighting skill. In the wusia novel of traditional Chinese martial arts, philosophies and religions were combined into a fantastic form of wugong. The martial arts adopted in wusia novels were mostly from both the School of Shaolin and School of Wudang: "the Shaolin wugong was superior in its external practice and Wudang was internal," it was said. The adopted philosophies and religions were principally from Buddhist and Taoist meditations and training in repose. Taoist ritual was a rich resource to the wusia novelist. In addition to literary fantasy, the Chinese wusia novel genre is filled with fabulous martial arts.
武侠小说中尽管有数不清的武器名目,但都是由十八般兵器中衍生而来的。值得注意的是,在十八般并器中,有一项称为”散打”的徒手搏击技巧,在武侠小说中,结合了中国传统的武术、哲学、宗教,发展成为特殊的武功(功夫),从少林外家,武当内家的传统武术脱胎,注入佛教、道家的养性修身理论,并从道教的各种法术撷取资源,配合着文学想象,塑造了武侠小说中五花八门,令人叹为观止的武学。
STEVEN
No wander many wuxia novelists can still create unbelievable wugong in their stories, although they don’t know much about the martial arts.
难怪很多武侠小说作者尽管本身不会武功,可仍能在书中创造出令人称奇的武功。
JINYONG
So this clearly shows the importance of literary imagination. There is a clear division between wugong and kung fu. Although there are a few wusia books copying material from martial arts textbooks, the rigid martial arts drills can damage the literary appreciation.
这完全是凭借着文学想象的力量。武功究竟是和功夫不同,完全依照武功套路详尽描写功夫的武侠小说固然不是没有,但从文学艺术的角度而言,多少会造成过分呆板的损害。
STEVEN
How the unbelievable wugong are created by the novelists then?
那么,这些神奇的武功究竟是怎样被作者们创造出来得呢?
JINYONG
Literary imagination frames the stories. Speaking about the wusia novels, the author begins with the pictures in his mind that exceed human abilities, then he starts creating scenes. The invented wugong are able to overcome the natural limitations. Among the limitations space and time are the most important elements, so qingong, a kind flying or jumping, comes onto the scene, because wugong masters who use qigong can easily break the limitations of time and space. The imagination comes from the power of the mind, so emotions, mentalities, and ethics can all be exaggerated. Thus the elements which can stimulate spiritual powers, such as conceptions, philosophies, religious beliefs all become the greatest resources of preparation for the wusia novelists.
文学想象是虚构的,在武侠小说中,作者先想象着一种可能:超越人体极限的可能,然后开始精心布置场景,利用虚构的武功,一一突破人物的困境,克服自然或人为的各种限制。其中,对时间和空间的超越表现得最为集中,例如所谓的轻功,飞檐走壁、缩地成寸,强调的就是在最短的时间内突破最大的空间障碍。这些想象,往往从个人的精神力量出发,感情、意志、道德的力量被无限夸大,因此,凡是足以增强个人精神力量的各种思想、哲理及宗教信仰,都可以在武侠小说获得最淋漓尽致的运用。
STEVEN
Could you be more specific?
能说得更详细点吗?
JINYONG
For instance, Anran Xiaohun Zhang is from emotions and Dugu Jiujian is from Taoist philosophy. Also various Shengong from Buddhist and Taoist ideas by Huanzhu Louzhu; they all can successfully catch the readers attention.
比如我书中的“黯然销魂掌”利用了情感,而“独孤九剑”利用了道家哲学;还有还珠楼主各种神妙离奇的“神功”,利用佛教、道教的思想;这些都获得读者相当大的回飨。
STEVEN
Nevertheless Chinese Kung Fu is easy to learn. According to medical reports, learning Kung Fu can speed the healing of fractured bones, flex the body, build vitality and strength, and in addition improve neuro-muscular control, respiration, and circulation. As a result one's ability to focus and calm the mind or spirit is increased. All these are the benefits that Chinese Kung Fu contributes to the humans. Ok, thank you very much, Mr. King for joining us again today.
尽管如此,功夫却是可以学成的。据医学专家研究,习武不但可以强健筋骨,使身体更为矫捷灵活,也可以让自己了解如何运用控制肌肉、力道、气脉的方法,更能藉运气修养,稳定自身的情绪,这可说是“中国功夫”的一大贡献了。好,谢谢金先生今天再次参加我们的访谈。
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